Bread is made out of flour that comes from grain kernels —
usually wheat. A grain kernel has three parts: the bran, the endosperm, and the
germ
Whole grains contain all parts of the grain kernel. But
refined grains, like the flour used to make white bread, have had the
fiber-dense bran and the nutrient-rich germ processed out, leaving only the
starchy endosperm. Removing the bran and germ also removes key nutrients,
including vitamins, minerals, healthy fats, protein, and fiber.
Wholegrain is much
higher in fiber, vitamins B6 and E, magnesium, zinc, folic acid and chromium.
Some flour and bread manufacturers "enrich" their
bread by adding extra vitamins back in. But it's still better to eat whole
grains.
Simply switching from
white to whole wheat bread can lower heart disease risk by 20 percent.
White bread has a high
glycemic index because it's made from refined grains that are rapidly absorbed
during digestion, causing sharp spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels. A
diet that includes a lot of white bread and other high-glycemic foods -- like
sweets, desserts and white potatoes -- increases your risk for weight gain,
type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
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